Essay about A Career in Mental Health Nursing - 1383 Words

What is it that makes choosing a career so difficult? Is it the fact that many people mainly choose a career they live off for the rest of their lives? Or is it just that they are scared of the difficulties and obstacles that will come through their path? Many students choose the usual careers: nursing, doctors, mechanics, or just working at a gas station. It all depends on where and if the student decides to go to college and what degree they are looking forward to earning. Becoming a mental health nurse would be a good choice because it pays very well. Students are recommended to go to college and get their Bachelors and Masters’ degree. It will take a lot of studies but it will be worth it. â€Å"Most of us take our mental health for†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mental health nurse also work with families of patients to make sure that patients are getting all the help that they can. In addition, they may play a roll in educating the community about mental health issues.† (Career Cruising) Depending on what they choose, mental health nurses can help either children or the elder. Many work with those who are a danger to themselves and others. â€Å"Some mental health nurses are trained and assigned to work within the prison populations. Some may work with those who have substances abuse problems.† Mental health nurses work in many areas such as, hospitals, clinics, schools, prisons, and some government agencies. Depending on the nurses’ shifts, some who work full time work a total of forty hours a week. Nurses who work in clinics or hospitals have rotating shifts, meaning evenings and weekends. During the â€Å"student† stage of nursing need to be able to understand the patients origins. A disadvantage to this job would be, depending on whom nurses work with, this job can become stressful. The patients the nurses work with can be emotional in several ways including being aggressive. Traveling to the patients house may be required and other various community sites. It is highly recommended to take certain courses in high school if you are interested in the health care field. Depending on the employer, education requirements vary. â€Å"However, at the minimum you must first become a registered nurse by earning aShow MoreRelatedThe Global Issue Of Mental Health And Shortage Of Nursing Staff1692 Words   |  7 Pagesthe global issue of mental health and shortage of nursing staff. Mental health is not the primary choice of nursing students when they graduate, and there is a shortage of psychiatric nurses as the older generation is coming closer to retirement. Across the states in Australia, studies have been conducted by Registered Nurses to survey and analyze nursing students and their field of preference after graduation. From the studies analyzed in this literature review, mental health has the least numberRead MoreThe Personality Tests On Indiana Career Explorer1118 Words   |  5 PagesIndiana Career Explorer, the tests gave me a couple o f examples of fields I would be successful in, it told me what values may be important to me in a workplace environment. I feel these assessments were spot on and I have more confidence in my ability to be successful in my career choice. According to the Kuder Career Interests assessment, I would be very successful in the following categories: professional support services, teaching and training, counseling and mental health services, health informaticsRead MoreReflection On Mental Health802 Words   |  4 PagesIn my opinion, mental illness is also called psychiatric disorder, which affects an individual’s way of thinking, behaving and perceiving, and interacting with other people. Upon reflection, I felt that my anxiety was largely due to my negative preconceptions about mental illness especially my belief that mentally ill people are violent, unpredictable, and dangerous. These views were not only a result of a lack of knowledge about mental illness but also due to the impact of negative media and culturalRead MoreNurse Manager Of The Child / Adolescent Psychiatric Units At Kingswood Hospital1098 Words   |  5 PagesNursing jobs provide emotionally and financially rewarding careers. The health care indu stry employs millions of nurses and the job outlook continues to improve each year. This paper explores two common types of degrees held by Registered Nurses (RN) and seeks to emphasize the primary differences between the two. An individual who has a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) or an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) can become an RN after passing the NCLEX-RN examination. However, there are certain advantagesRead MoreNursing Philosophy1373 Words   |  6 PagesNursing Philosophy Ayesha Muhammad Alcorn State University July 27, 2010 Nursing Philosophy Nursing is more than just simply a career. Nursing is a calling from a higher power. I chose to be a nurse for several different reasons. My uncle was diagnosed with terminal lung cancer in (date). The care and compassion shown to my uncle put nursing in another perspective for me. The feelings of care and comfort my family received during this tragic time had a strong impact on my decision toRead MoreNursing a Successful Career Essay1013 Words   |  5 PagesRegistered nursing is among the top 10 occupations with the largest job growth’’ according to The Bureau of Statistics but why? Registered nursing is all over the world. In every hospital you will find many registered nurses because it is a good career to get into. A job industry that will never run out of jobs is the heath industry because everyone in the world needs health care treatment. Students should look into healthcare careers id they want a successful life and career. Registered nursing needRead M oreMy Goal And Future As A Psychiatric And Mental Health Nurse Practitioner1399 Words   |  6 Pagesskills thought to me by the diverse professors and student. Being a nurse for 9 years with a diverse background has provided me with some experience and eagerness to achieve evidence base practice to advance my knowledge as a Psychiatric and Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP). The purpose of this paper is to guide me through this learning process to stay focus on my goal and future as I advance in the learning process. Education and professional background My educational background is theRead MoreMental Health : An Essential Part Of Health825 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Mental health is considered as an essential part of health in which an individual recognizes their full capacity to deal with pressures that surround them, work productively and be of positive influence to society. World Health Organization [WHO] (2008) reported that Australia contributes an estimate of 29.4% of neuropsychiatric on the global burden of disease. In 2015 the revised Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation [ANMF] Policy states that the distribution of health care in mentalRead MoreThe Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1642 Words   |  7 Pagespaper is aimed at addressing the personal philosophy of nursing (PPN) in caring for the people, their-health and their-environment. PPN is defined as the way of navigating true about understanding individual or people living situation in according to their values, beliefs, health and surrounding (Whitman, Rose, 2003). This PPN has reflected many times in my previous works as an assistant in nurse, with the ACT agents known as Ru bies Nursing. In this role, I have cared for both moderate and highlyRead MoreReflection, Challenges, And Ideas1287 Words   |  6 PagesReflection, challenges and ideas to explore Zak wishes to pursue postsecondary education and has definite career goals, just like many other young adults. Unfortunately, he is up against many barriers such as poverty, homelessness, mental illness and lack of social support, and our system has fallen short in addressing those barriers and in making higher education easily accessible to him. Young adults go through many life transitions and experiencing a FEP add greatly to the complexity of this

Resistance of bacterial to antimicrobial agents Free Essays

Introduction Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a global problem in the treatment of bacterial infection. Bacterial resistance is a mechanism by which bacterial are able to overcome antibiotic meant to destroy or kill them, these bacterial multiply to cause disease in humans figure 1 (Patrick, 2003) Figure1 the non antimicrobial resistance and non antimicrobial resistance Although the most resistant bacterium can be inhibited or destroyed by using a high concentration of antibiotic, subjects on the other hand may not be able to bear the high concentration of antibacterial agents that may be required treat some bacterial infection or disease. Bacterial species differ in their susceptibility to an antibiotic or antibiotics. We will write a custom essay sample on Resistance of bacterial to antimicrobial agents or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance some strains of Streptococcus pneumonia in Britain are inhibited by 0.01mg/l of benzyl penicillin thus the minimum inhibitory concentration, and that of Escherichia coli, a dose 32-64mg/l is needed to inhibit the growth or kill the bacterial but this becomes highly toxic to the human body cannot manage. This opens the view of clinical resistance, which is based on the on effect antibiotics on humans and misuse of antibiotics. Clinical resistance is therefore a process by which the type of infecting pathogenic bacterium, its point of attachment in the body, the distribution of antimicrobial in the body, its concentration at site of infection and the immune status of the subject interact(Gerard,2011). Bacterium uses enzymes, efflux pump, gene, helix ring as well as plasmid to defend itself or to develop resistant to antibiotics. (figure2) Figure 2 structure of a resistant bacterium Beta- lactamase Beta-lactams are of copies penicillin, a large group of antibiotics that are made up of all the antibiotic agents with a four ring in their molecular structure. The bacterial cell wall serves as a protective tool for the bacterial against any foreign substances such as antibacterial agents, from entering inside the bacterial to destroy its internal protective structures. The beta-lactam antibiotic works by blocking the cell wall synthesis of the bacterial. Douglas (2002), but bacterial develop resistance to beta lactam by attacking the four ring structure shown in blue in figure of the beta-lactam through an enzymatic reactions (figure1). Bacterial produce beta lactamase enzyme to breaks the beta-lactam ring of the antibiotic and makes the antibiotic ineffective to block the bacterial cell wall synthesis and hence a resistance to the antibiotic (Miller et al., 2004). Figure3 structure of beta-lactam (www.users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/Biology/pages/A/Antibiotics) Mutation at the target sites Some antibiotics such as Streptomycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 16SrRNA and blocks the function of the ribosome but bacterial changes the 16SrRNA gene and limit the attraction of streptomycin to the 16S molecule bacterial mutate and acquire a new DNA. In imipenem resistant, Pseudomonosa aerugeninosa, lack the specific D2 porin and imipenem cannot break through the cell. Changing the main site of action may change the drug target in that antibiotic may enter the cell but may miss the target and may not be able to bind, the antibiotic may not be metabolised. This makes the antibiotic inactive in the bacteria and as result the bacterial develop tolerance (Springer et al., 2001). Enzymatic modification Ciprofloxacin act together with an enzyme gyrase to block its enzymatic action. An alteration in each the gene that is gyraseA or gyraseB would change the molecular arrangement of the gyrase and as such limit the binding affinity of the enzyme for ciprofloxacin. It therefore prevents the antibiotic from blocking the gyrase and this process enables the bacteria cell more resistant to the antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) (Gerard, 2005) Efflux of antibiotics from the cell by pump Other bacterial such as the Escherichia coli create a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) outflow pump gives the bacterial with resistance to antibiotics such as tetracycline, erythromycin or nalidic acid. The pump drives out the antibiotic from the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell and allows the bacterial to maintain the intracellular levels below the toxic or lethal concentrationThe MAR pump is made of proteins MarA and MarB, whose production is blocked by the controlling protein Mar. Poole (2000) These changes get rid of the suppression control of Mar and leads to much production of the Mar A and B efflux pump. The bacterial cell wall is able to get rid of higher concentrations of antimicrobial agents and as such become resistant to the antibiotic (Cohen et al., 1988). Acquired Resistance by alternate metabolic pathways Resistance in bacteria may be acquired when a bacterium is been exposed to antibiotic for a long period of time for example vancomycin resistance in Escherichia coli. This may be by mutation or by gaining a new DNA. Plasmids are copying pieces portion of DNA, slighter than the bacteria genome which programme their transfer by copying into another bacterial strain. These bacteria may then carry and transfer resistance gene which as part of the DNA.Viruses that infects bacterial bacteriophages can pass on resistance, especially in staphylococcus, DNA is released when bacterial dead bacterial is taken up by a viable bacterial and this is possibly route for the spread of penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumonia. Bacterial possesses range of biochemical genetic systems for warranting the progression and diffusion of antibiotic resistance. Genes can appear by rapid transformation (Penrose, 1998). ‘Superbugs’ are used to describe a bacterium or microorganism that is able to resistant more than one or more commonly used antibiotics. Bacteria resistance to antibiotics are grouped according to the type of antimicrobial agent that they resist. The most common groups are: MRSA (Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to mithescilin ) VRE (Entrococcus species resistant to vancomycin); these type of bacteria live in the bowel and usually cause infection such as pneumonia, heart or wound in subjects with weak immune system or subjects with chronic disease such as diabetes. PRSP (Streptococcus pneumoniae strains resistant to penicillin); ESBLs (Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria resistant to cephalosporin and Monobactams) (Gerard, 2011) Treatment of superbugs MRSA is a type of Staphylococcus aureus has develops a resistant to antibacterial activity of methicillin and the other penicillins Staphylococcus aureus may cause infection in the blood or on the skin disease such. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide that is effective for the treatment of MRSA. It is hard and large molecule that blocks the last step of bacterial cell wall synthesis through hydrogen bonds with D-alanyl-D-alamine end of the peptodoglycan (PDG) side chains(Reynolds,1989)). Subjects infected with MRSA are treated with vancomycin but very painful through the intramuscular route and a rapid administration into the veins may cause an allergic reaction called the red-man syndrome, therefore a slow infusion of 50mk/kg is given two times daily for 7 days. Daptomycin is a broad spectrum antibiotic that has been approved by the American food and drug Administration for the treatment of MRSA, VRE and PSBP. It binds irreversibly to the bacteria cell membrane and depolarise it and m ore Potassium ions move out of the cell to create an inbalance of the ion-concentration gradient. Currently, Daptomycin shows no cross-resistance. A dose of 4-6mg/kg is administered once daily for 7 days. It is not metabolised in the liver. Daptomycin interacts with the HMG-6A reductase inhibitors such as statin. Nausea, constipation and headache are the main side effects associated with the use of Daptomycin. Quinupristin was well used in the year 2000 for the treatment of hospital acquired infection. Quinupristin main function was to interfere with both the early and the last phase of bacterial protein synthesis but the major problem was that it has to required slow infusion for a large volume fluid just as vancomycin and as such could only be used for inpatients subjects(Despoina and Jordi,2006)). Dancer, an oral Streptogramin has been was developed and out 53 subjects 39 were successfully cured of MRSA infection. A new glycopeptide, MDL63246 with a similar mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics as vancomycin is under early stages of development and would be more effective at lower dosages than vancomycin and less side effects. (Franz-Joseph and Mark, 1997) A new approach for VRE treatment is the blocking of oxazoliddines from flowing out of the bacterial cell and broad spectrum pumps of Gram negative bacterial is being studied for future treatment of VRE. (Livermore, 2003).Linezolid belongs to the oxazolinones class of antibiotics and it binds to the 50S ribosomal segment and blocks bacterial protein synthesis. can be administered intravenously or orally .Through the oral administration, a subject is given 600mg two times daily for 10-14 days and 600mg 30-120 minutes twice daily for one week for intravenous route. Moxifloxacin is a drug of choice for the treatment of PRSP It work by inhibiting DNA synthesis by enhancing cleavage of DNA of the bacterial DNA enzyme complex of the DNA gyrase and type IV topoisomerase figure. The dose regime is based on the type of infection, for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis a 400mg of Moxifloxacin is given daily for 10 days and 400mg daily dose of Moxifloxacin for 7-14 days is used treat community acquired pneumonia by Streptococcus sp. Figure3 the mechanism of action of Fluoroquinolones (www.mecriticalcare,net/downloads/Dcourse/AntimicrobialAgents Tigecycline is currently used to treat ESBPLs treat Gram negative enteric rod such as E. coli and Gram negative bacilli such as the Pseudomonas spp. Tigecycline interfere with the bacterial protein synthesis by attaching to the 30S of the ribosomal subunit and this 100mg load dose is given initially and 50mg subsequent dose of every 12 hours is administered for seven days (figure3). (Wunderink et al., 2003) Figure3 Tigecycline binding to Ribosome 30S subunit at:www.mecritcalcare.net/AntimicrobialAgent. Conclusion Bacteria or microbes are constantly reproducing at a faster and becoming resistant to antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial resistance is a global crisis new and more potent antibiotics would have to be developed to overcome the problem of antibiotic resistance. Identification of natural products and knowing their biosynthesis from the bacterial source would enable scientist to find well defined antibiotic structures to that could kill or destroy all kinds of bacterial. Scientist may target ribose DNA, RNA or the peptodoglycan. Reference Brumfit, W.and Hamilton-Miller, J. (1989) Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. N Eng J Med 320:1188-1196 Cohen, S.P., McMurry, L.M. and Levy, S.B. (1988) marA locus causes decreased expression of OmpF porin in multiple-antibiotic-resistant (Mar) mutants of Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology 170:5416-5422 Despoina, K.and Jordi, R. (2006) Hospital –acquired pneumonia in the 21st century: a review of existing treatment options and their impact on patient care. Expert Opin.Pharmacother 7 12) 1555-1569 Douglas, N.F. (2002) Extended-Interval Dosing of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics in critically ill patients. Journal of Pharmacy Practice15:85-95 Franz-Joseph, S.and Mark, E.J. (1997) Antibiotics for treatment of infections caused by MRSA and elimination of MRSA carriage: What are the choicesInternational Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 9:1-19 Gerald, D.W. (2005) Bacterial resistance to antibiotics: Enzymatic degradation and of modification. Advance Drug Delivery Reviews 57:1451-1470 Gerald, D.W. (2011) Molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance. Chem.Commun. 47:4055-4061 Livermore, D.M. (2003) Linezolid in vitro mechanism and Antimicrobial spectrum. Journal of Antimicrobial chemotherapy 51:9-16 Miller,C.,Thomsen,C.G.,Mosseri,H.I. and Cohen,S.N.(2004) SOS response induction by ?-lactams and bacterial defence against antibiotic lethality. Science 305:1629-1631 Patrick, F.M.D (2003) Antimicrobials: Modes of Action and mechanism of resistance. International Journal of Toxicology 22:135-143 Penrose, E. (1998) Bacterial resistance to antibiotics-a case of unnatural selection. Creation research Society Quarterly 35:76-83 Peter, N.B. and Morris, J.B (2008) Clinical Pharmacology.edn 10.Churchil Livinstone.london Poole, K.(2000) Efflux-mediated resistance to Floroquinolones in-gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44:2877-3884 Reynolds, P.E. (1989) Structure, biochemistry and mechanism of action of glycopeptide antibiotics.EurJ.clin Micr infection.Dis 8:943-950 SpringerB.,Kidan,Y.P.,Prammananan,K.E.,Bottger,E.C. and Sander,P.(2001) Mechanism of streptomycin resistance: selection of mutation in the 16S rRNA gene conferring resistance . Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45:2877-2884 ww w.web-books.com/MoBio/free/ch8A.htm www.mecriticalcare,net/downloads/Dcourse/AntimicrobialAgents www.users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/Biology/Pages/A/Antibiotic How to cite Resistance of bacterial to antimicrobial agents, Essay examples

Marketing Plan Legacy Village

Introduction Marketing plan is essential for companies or enterprises in order to reach their clients and establish a strong base of customers. It describes the strategies, which an organization intends to use to retain and attract customers (Berkowitz 127). Therefore, marketing plan is significant for success of an organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan: Legacy Village specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is therefore, paramount for organizations to develop effective marketing plan. This helps in management and operational plans for the organization. In addition, marketing plan assists organization to accomplish the set goal. This report devises budget of one of products of Legacy Village and evaluates outcomes to measure the effectiveness of marketing plan. Legacy Village is located in Layton. It a serene and convenient place that offers services such as retirement living, assisted living, rehabilitation, and memory care. Retirement living enables clients to interact with each other comfortably through learning and leisure activities. Assisted living entails providing services for senior people who are unable to manage themselves. However, these people do not require comprehensive and intensive daily medical care. Memory care encompasses total management and assistance of senior people. Professionals in memory care help clients in grooming, bathing, and eating. Finally, rehabilitation at Legacy Village offers services such as recovery from surgical operations, strokes, injuries, or orthopedic cases of hospitalization (Legacy Village 1). Legacy Village is extremely essential for helping seniors who have some disabilities as well as those in the recovery process. It is therefore significant for this organization to develop a marketing plan that enables it to achieve its goals. The following table indicates budget estimates for the retirement living. This is one of the p roducts, which Legacy Village offers to its esteemed customers. The budget shows the costs of services such as an advertisement in both print and electronic media. Table of Cost Estimates for Retirement Living at Legacy Village of Layton Type of Advertisement Cost Estimate (U.S Dollars) Daily Newspapers $2000 Television $1500 Online $2000 Social Media $3000 Exhibitions $5000 Publications/Articles/Brochures $8000 Telemarketing $2500 Grand Total $26000 Methods to Evaluate outcomes of Marketing Plan on Retirement Living It is highly prudent for Legacy Village to devise a method that evaluates the outcome of the marketing plan for retirement living. This is because evaluation of the plan is tremendously significant in establishing whether the organization has accomplished its set goals and objectives (Berkowitz 200). This therefore means that the marketing plan should give tangible results for the success of Legacy Village. Some of the ways that the health organiza tion in question can use include, bottom up approach, negotiated approach, and objectives approach.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bottom-up approach entails getting feedback from the consumers of the retirement living service. This will help the management at Legacy Village to have deeper knowledge of the demands of their customers. On top of this, organization will improve the quality of its services hence satisfaction to the customers. Negotiated approach is a method that encompasses collecting comments from a big number of people. This will assist Legacy Village elicit and attract potential customers to use their products. This organization can create a strong database, which will enable current and potential customers to post their feedback. A third method, which is sound for evaluation entails objective approach. The organization in question can use statistical data s uch as records and surveys (Berkowitz 195). This therefore calls the organization to keep the data of any transaction and activities safely. The three ways of evaluation, which this report has highlighted can benefit the Legacy Village in their mission to care for seniors. Work Cited Berkowitz, Eric. Essentials of Health Care Marketing. New York: Aspen publishers, 2011. Print. Legacy Village. Legacy Village, Layton. Web. https://www.legacyretire.com/ This essay on Marketing Plan: Legacy Village was written and submitted by user Kaitlynn Lynn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

An Overview of the Dysphagia Diet Essay Example

An Overview of the Dysphagia Diet Essay Example An Overview of the Dysphagia Diet Paper An Overview of the Dysphagia Diet Paper The Dysphagia Diet is a specialized diet developed for people suffering from dysphagia. Dysphagia is a medical condition in which swallowing food becomes difficult and poses a danger to the patient. Dysphagia can be a result of trauma or injury such as stroke and thus predisposes the client to malnutrition. The dysphagia diet was developed to address this condition and consists of five levels (levels I-V), with each level designed to cater to a patient’s specific situation and/or condition. An Overview of the Dysphagia Diet There is no question that food, plays a very important role in mankind’s health and being. After all it is one of man’s most basic needs and people require sustenance to live and function. Food plays a central role in everybody’s lives. It dictates livelihoods, it represents culture and most importantly it affects health. Diet is generally defined as the food intake habits/practice of individuals in order to gain nutrition. In healthcare, diet may be used as a preventive, therapeutic or rehabilitative tool. One such kind of diet that has a rehabilitative/supportive purpose is what is known as Dysphagia diet. Dysphagia diet in the simplest terms is a specialized form of food preparation for individuals suffering from dysphagia. Dysphagia is a medical condition wherein it becomes difficult to chew or swallow food or liquids. This condition is a result of a blockage or malfunction in the system that controls the swallowing mechanism (Jackson-Seigelbaum, 2008). This interruption may occur in any of the three phases of the swallowing process and can be dangerous to the patient as this predisposes the patient to asphyxiation, aspiration and complications such as pneumonia (Lippincott, Williams Wilkins, 2007). There are two types of dysphagia. First is esophageal dysphagia which â€Å"occurs when food/liquid stops in the esophagus. This happens most often because of consistent stomach acid refluxing (backing up) into the esophagus† and the second is termed as oropharyngeal dysphagia which â€Å"involves difficulty moving food to the back of the mouth and starting the swallowing process† (Jackson-Seigelbaum, 2008). Since these individuals have difficulty taking in food, they become prone to malnutrition. It then becomes an important part of the treatment to provide the patient with adequate nutrition while at the same time safeguarding against possible complications of the condition such as asphyxiation, aspiration and pneumonia. Thus the situation requires a specialized diet: the dysphagia diet. According to the National Dysphagia Diet (NDD) published by the American Dietetic Association, â€Å"there are five different diet levels from pureed (level 1) up through modified regular food (level 5). The diets vary in texture and consistency, and are chosen depending on which would be most effective for a specific patient† (Jackson-Seigelbaum, 2008). There are four frequently used terms in describing the consistency of liquid viscosity to be used in preparing foods for the dysphagia diet: thin, nectar-like, honey-like and spoon-thick. However there are â€Å"texture modifications for dysphagia management†¦one that is open to wide variation across clinicians and the facilities Previous research has demonstrated that clinicians, including speech-language pathologists (SLPs), show significant variation in the amount of thickening powder they feel is necessary to mix a liquid to nectar-thick or honey-thick consistency† (McCullough, Pelletier Steele, 2003, p. 16,27). Level I of the dysphagia diet includes pureed foods pureed to a smooth consistency similar to mashed potatoes. This level is reserved for individuals that cannot tolerate solid foods at all. Level II involves mincing or chopping food into small pieces (1/8 inch) about the size of a sesame seed. This level is reserved for those who can slightly tolerate whole food. Foods in the level III group are ground/diced into 1/4-inch pieces similar in size to rice. On the other hand Level IV includes food chopped into ? inch sizes – about the size of an elbow macaroni or croutons. Lastly, Level V includes soft, moist, regularly textured foods (Jackson-Seigelbaum, 2008). These diets are chosen depending on the current status of the patient and according to the tolerability of the diet. Ideally, as a patient is treated for dysphagia, the diet provided is started with the one that is most tolerated and as the patient improves the diet level is also adjusted until the patient resumes normal function. Foods in the dysphagia diet are thinned or thickened depending on the necessity. Thinning agents include hot or cold milk (depending on the food being thinned), broth, gravy and other sauces. Thickening agents include commercially available agents including unflavored gelatin, baby rice and potato flakes. Gravy and other thick sauces may also be used (Jackson-Seigelbaum, 2008). Patients on dysphagia diet must be monitored closely especially in the early phases of the treatment and diet initiation. Nursing considerations that must be taken into account include the following: Consult the speech therapist to assess the patient for aspiration risk and swallowing exercises that can help decrease the risk; coordinate with the dietician about the foods with distinct textures and temperatures apt for the client; before beginning the meal, â€Å"stimulate salivation by talking with the patient about food, adding a lemon slice or dill pickle to his tray, and providing mouth care before and after meals†; and lastly, when feeding, place the patient in upright position with his neck slightly flexed forward keeping his chin at midline (Lippincott, Williams Wilkins, 2007). Additionally, compensatory techniques may be taught in order to reduce aspiration risks and improve pharyngeal clearance. Examples of such compensatory techniques include the chin-tuck position which â€Å"decreases the space between the base of the tongue and the posterior pharyngeal wall, creating increased phar yngeal pressure to move the bolus through the pharyngeal region† (Paik, 2008). Other techniques involve any of the following: head rotation to the affected side, tilting the head towards the strong side and lying on the side or back when swallowing. Maneuvers are also available to protect the airway and safeguard against aspiration. These maneuvers are the supraglottic swallow, extended supraglottic swallow, supersupraglottic swallow, effortful swallow, the Mendelson maneuver, the Shaker exercise and the well known Heimlich maneuver (Paik, 2008). Lastly, upon discharge of the patient, the client must be taught and made sure to understand the following: which foods and textures to avoid, be taught measures to reduce the risk of aspiration and choking hazards and make sure that the client has full understanding of the diagnosis and treatment plan developed by the healthcare team (Lippincott, Williams Wilkins, 2007) References Jackson-Seigelbaum. (2008). Dysphagia Diet: 5 levels for difficulty in swallowing diet. Retrieved 11 February 2009 from gicare. com/Diets/Dysphagia. aspx Lippincott, Williams Wilkins. (2007) Nursing: interpreting signs and symptoms. Retrieved on 11 February 2009 from wrongdiagnosis. com/symptoms/throat_symp-toms/book-causes-16a. htm McCullough, Gary; Pelletier, Cathy, Steele, Catriona. (2003, Nov. 4). National dysphagia diet: what to swallow? The ASHA Leader, pp. 16, 27. Paik, N. (2008, June 25). Dysphagia. eMedicine. com. Retrieved 11 February 2009 from http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/324096-overview

How to Remain Productive When Working Remotely

How to Remain Productive When Working Remotely According to recent Stanford University research, more than 10% of the U.S. workforce now works remotely or from home. This setup can be beneficial for everyone- managers get more productive workers due to eliminating a commute time,  and workers get to concentrate on their duties without too much micromanaging from their bosses. Working from home in your pajamas sounds lovely, doesn’t it? You get to get your job done while throwing in loads of laundry in your coffee breaks. But being super-close to all the trappings of your home life- or just being far away from all your colleagues and supervisors- can be distracting and have an isolating effect. To make sure you’re maximally productive â€Å"on the job,† even when at home, follow these handy tips.1. Set your hours.Pencil in the hours when you will be â€Å"at work.† These hours don’t have to be 9-5, but they do have to suit your working/living needs and schedule and not conflict with the needs o f your boss. Once you set them, stick to them. Don’t plan long lunches or personal appointments during these hours. Treat it like a time card. If you prefer to break up the day into chunks, make sure those chunks are long enough to be productive (say 3 hours) to get some work done.2. Designate an office.Even if you live somewhere cramped and can’t have â€Å"an office,† at least mark off some sort of work station or area for yourself. Turn off the television, and try to get off the couch or your bed. Head to the same spot to work each day. Train your brain that this area is where your job happens, and the rest of your house is where your life happens.3. Don’t forget to get outside.Don’t go skipping around the block regularly during your work hours, mind you- unless it’s just for a wee stroll to get the blood moving. But do try and make sure that you aren’t spending all day and night, every day and night, at home. Make after-work plans , or incorporate out-of-the-house exercise at some point.4. Plan your days out each morning.Make to-do lists for yourself of all the work tasks you need or want to accomplish in a given day. Then figure out how to ration out your day to complete them. This will keep you from veering off task, even when distractions present themselves. Don’t procrastinate, and you’ll stand a good chance of getting things done.5. Minimize online (and other) distractions.The less time you spend surfing Reddit or falling down the rabbit hole of social media, the better and more productive you will be. Use programs like Freedom or Self Control to keep you off the Internet during your work hours.6. Take care of yourself.Make sure you get on a steady sleep schedule that complements your work schedule- and stick to it. Get enough sleep. Make sure to shower and put on something other than sweatpants. Eat a good breakfast and healthy lunches and snacks throughout the day. Exercise when you can t o keep your blood and brain flowing.7. Demand a quiet space.You might have to tell your friends and family to leave you the heck alone during your business hours. Tell them what your constraints are, and then be ruthless about adhering to your schedule. When your people know your break and off times, they’ll be able to train themselves not to interrupt at other times.8. Check in with others.Don’t just work all day all by yourself and send emails to your boss with progress. Check in with your colleagues and supervisor regularly. Develop relationships with other telecommuters. Perhaps set up a happy hour for other work-from-homers. Get yourself some human interaction- professionally as well as personally.9. Log off every day.Once you’re done for the day, leave your workspace, shut your computer, and step away from the job. It’s even more important to keep these boundaries fiercely drawn when you’re working from home. Don’t end up checking work emails until bedtime- you’ll drive yourself nuts!

GMCs Hummer Vehicle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

GMCs Hummer Vehicle - Essay Example The realist considers Hummer for its practical purposes, and will therefore make use of the vehicle's off-road prowess. The discerner is a connoisseur for the finer things in life, who appreciates Hummer's status, but is unlikely to go off-roading. The conqueror is a successful person who wants people to know it, who appreciates Hummer for its exclusivity and attention grabbing looks. The fourth type of buyer is the adventurer, who wants to take the Hummer off-road. (Amazing Cars - Magazine) By analyzing the percentage of the population that has these qualities, Hummer's U.S. target market segment is males between the ages of 25 and 64 who earn over $100,000 per year. ANALYSIS Demographic Information: "Hummer's target market segment cannot be very large because of the high price of the vehicle, which can be in excess of $90,000. Hummer must gear its marketing strategies towards this small group of individuals."1 Hummer's market segment consists of males between the ages of 25 and 44 who earn over $100,000 a year. This demographic group consists of Generation X'ers and some of the Baby Boom generation. These males are looking for specific vehicles that are geared towards luxury and status. According to 1999 census data , in the approximation of 40,698,000 males between the ages of 25 and 44, only 2,011,000 of them earn enough money to purchase a Hummer. This would give Hummer a market base of over 2 million consumers. This market segment is growing because of the change in this base from 2005 to 2006. The number of males within this age group who earned over $100,000 was 1,730,000 in 2004. That reveals a growth rate of 16% in one year. Also, you can infer that the number of people in general who can afford a Hummer is increasing due to the low unemployment rate, and the steadily growing U.S. economy. 1 ANALYSIS Demographic Information Hummer's sales would continue to grow due to the increase of its market segment coupled with the fact that the company is preparing to release new models that may cater to a whole other marketing segment. Cultural Trends, Attitudes, Values of Target Market The outlook on the buying attitudes of Hummer's target market remains robust in the future. The demand for luxury items has been steadily growing for the past couple of years. With the existence of a bull market, and a steady increase in national prosperity, today's high-income individuals have a healthy demand for luxurious goods and services. The SUV market in general has been steadily increasing over the past five years. According to American Demographics , forecasters estimate that 49% of the new vehicle market will be that of light trucks in 2005, and light truck sales will be greater than that of car sales in 2005. Today's consumers stress safety over other attributes when buying vehicles, which show the increase in demand for SUV's, which are proven to be safer than most cars in crashes. Also, American Demographics' study revealed that empty nest baby boomers are not moving towards sedans, but towards SUV's. Another value of today's consumers is in styling. Today's SUV's have been appealing to consumers because of their current styling blend of ruggedness and beauty. The image factor is also big in analyzing consumer trends. Consumers have a liking for

Organizational culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organizational culture - Essay Example It also focuses on ways of implementing the concept of organisational culture in its operations so as to ensure optimal performance of the organisation. Recommendations will also be given at the end so as to suggest the best possible ways that can be implemented to ensure that there is compliance between the organisational culture and its stated goals. MSD is a multinational pharmaceutical company with headquarters in USA but it operates in more than 100 countries across the globe. Particular attention is given to MSD in the Arabian Gulf region where I am currently working in the sales field. The company has more than 150  000 employees around the globe and it operates in different areas with people from different cultural backgrounds. In my own country, there are more than 300 employees and of interest is that the organisation has more than 80 years in business now. However, as going to be outlined, the organisational culture needs to be constantly refined in order to meet the changing demands of the environment. There is also need for flexibility where the workers need to be developed and trained to play a part in decision making in areas that affect them and their work. According to Brown (1998), research suggests that strong, adaptable cultures which value stakeholders and leadership, and which have a strong sense of mission are likely to be associated with high performance over a long period of time. Basically, organisational culture is a system that tries to make a distinction between one organisation from the other and there are various definitions of organisational culture that have been developed over the years. â€Å"Organisational culture refers to a system of shared assumptions held by members which distinguishes one organisation from the other,† (Werner 2003: 25). In the case of MSD, it can be noted that there are no espoused values that are clearly stated by the