SWOT Analysys Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SWOT Analysys - Coursework Example The incredible development of the association is showed in expanding the extent of tasks into in excess of 220 nations worldwide with 300,000 representatives working through four explicitly characterized lines of activities: express, cargo sending, gracefully chain and mail. In 2002, DHL was united and claimed by Deutche Post World Net yet held the well known corporate and brand name. The mission of DHL is to give phenomenal client assistance in the field of global express vehicle and coordinations and to accomplish is objective of being the coordinations organization of the world (DHL: Strategy, 2011, standard. 2). The executives endeavors to accomplish this strategic following with severe measures of value and moral duty of safeguarding and securing the earth as they use different assets successfully and effectively. II. Hierarchical Strengths and Weaknesses A. Capable Leadership and Managerial Expertise One of the qualities of DHL is its pool of capable, qualified and various pion eers who are considered specialists in their individual fields of attempt. This is a particular ability in light of the fact that as it works in different pieces of the world, solid administration drive and possibilities are sharpened through different impetuses and systems that advance â€Å"self-activity among our representatives through such exercises as thought the board, reward singular execution and join extraordinary significance to solidarity. The First Choice Program, a basic mainstay of our development procedure, is intended to accomplish methodical execution enhancements at the interface with the customer† (DHL: The Group, 2011, standard. 1). By rousing, creating and keeping up its differing pool of staff, their abilities are adequately tackled towards accomplishment of its corporate crucial objectives. B. The Ability to Steer Growth in Strategic Locations DHL had been fruitful in distinguishing vital areas around to world to extend its procedure on a worldwide sca le. The investigation led by FAI Consulting Services (2009) uncovered that â€Å"the organization has utilized cross-useful groups the world over to plan, structure, and oversee facilities† (standard. 4). In a range of 4 decades, the quantity of worldwide accomplices drastically expanded by improving â€Å"its aptitude by buying other driving coordinations organizations, for example 1999 procurement of Danzas, 2004/2005 obtaining of 88 percent of portions of Indian express organization Blue Dart, end of 2005 securing of Exel† (DHL: Facts and Figures, 2010, standard. 6). C. Propensity for Complacency An investigation composed by Apostolopoulos, et.al. (1998) demonstrated that there is a prominent shortcoming confronting corporate workers as they show inclinations for carelessness. The method of reasoning for this is the market administration unmistakably picked up by DHL throughout the years. The model workplace concurred faculty work fulfillment level that gave them be nefits they esteemed were more than anticipated and in this way ought not be tested nor disturbed. The association can limit this shortcoming through additionally testing execution assessment and examination programs that measure their work disposition and apply fitting arrangements of remunerations and punishments as esteemed vital. 2. Examine how the association can limit this shortcoming. D. Announced Poor Customer Service In locales that uncover client grievances, DHL clients were protesting the poor client support showed

World War Is Mitteleuropa

Universal War I's Mitteleuropa German for ‘Middle Europe’, there are a wide scope of translations for Mitteleuropa, yet boss among them was the German arrangement for a realm in focal and eastern Europe that would have been made had Germany won the First World War. War Aims In September 1914, a couple of months after the beginning of World War I, German Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg made the ‘September Programme’ which, alongside different archives, set out a bombastic arrangement for post-war Europe. It would be ordered if Germany was absolutely fruitful in the war, and by then nothing was sure. A framework called ‘Mitteleuropa’ would be made, a financial and customs association of focal European grounds that would be driven by Germany (and to a lesser degree Austria-Hungary). Just as these two, Mitteleuropa would incorporate German mastery of Luxembourg, Belgium and their Channel Ports, the Baltic and Poland from Russia, and perhaps France. There would be a sister body, Mittelafrika, in Africa, prompting German authority of the two landmasses. That these war points must be developed after the war began is regularly utilized as a stick with which to beat the German order: they are predominantly accused for beginning the war and didn’t even recognize what they needed past having dangers from Russia and France expelled. It’s muddled precisely how far the German individuals bolstered this fantasy, or how genuinely it was taken. For sure, the arrangement itself was permitted to blur as it became evident the war would keep going quite a while and may not be won by Germany by any means. A variety rose in 1915 when the Central Powers vanquished Serbia and Germany proposed a Central European Federation be made, driven by Germany, this time perceiving the requirements of the war by setting every single military power under German order. Austria-Hungary was as yet sufficiently able to protest and the arrangement again blurred. Insatiability or Matching Others? For what reason did Germany focus on a Mitteleuropa? To Germany’s west were Britain and France, a couple of nations with a huge worldwide domain. Toward the east was Russia, which had a land realm extending to the Pacific. Germany was another nationâ and had passed up a great opportunity as the remainder of Europe had cut the world up between them. Be that as it may, Germany was an eager nationâ and needed a realm as well. At the point when they checked out them, they had the immensely amazing France straightforwardly west, however among Germany and Russia were eastern European expresses that could shape a realm. English language writing racistly viewed as an European triumph as more regrettable than their own worldwide victories, and painted Mitteleuropa as altogether more awful. Germany had activated a large number of individuals and endured a great many losses; they attempted to concoct war intends to match.In the end, we don’t know how far Mitteleuropa would have been made. It was thought up in a snapshot of turmoil and activity, yet maybe the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Russia in March 1918 is a hint, as this moved a tremendous zone of Eastern Europe to German control. It was their disappointment in the west that made this baby domain be deleted.

Columbia Dual Degree When do I apply COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Columbia Dual Degree When do I apply COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog A question our office commonly receives is, I am interested in applying to a dual degree program with SIPA and another Columbia school. When do most applicants apply to dual degree programs at Columbia? The rule at Columbia is that you must be admitted into a dual degree program no later than half way through your first degree. For most students this means that they must apply no later than the completion of the first semester of study. For example, the program at SIPA is a two-year program. If someone who started at SIPA wished to apply for a dual degree with another school, the application to the dual degree school would need to be completed roughly around the end of the first semester at SIPA. Most programs have an application deadline sometime in the months between December and February. Thus, if someone completed their first year at SIPA, it would be too late to apply for a dual degree with another school. Because of the tight time line, our recommendation is that if an applicant knows they are interested in a dual degree program with another Columbia school, it is wise to apply to both programs at the same time. This will require that an application be submitted to each school separately and there is no joint committee that reviews applications. The Admissions Committee at each school will make an independent decision. If admitted to both schools the applicant can choose where they would like to begin. For a list of dual degree programs, please click here.

Domestic Violence Is Not Only About Using Physical Force

I. Introduction Domestic violence is considered a crime in the United States and in many other countries around the world. Every 15 seconds, there is a woman being beaten by her husband or intimate partner. When we think of domestic violence, our minds automatically create an image of a male physically abusing a female. Although in most cases the victim is usually a female, we must also be aware that in today’s society, men are also victims of domestic violence. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics Crime Data Brief, about 3.2 million men are abused by their partners each year (Domestic). However, this is only an estimate based on reported incidents. It is also extremely important to understand that domestic violence, is not only†¦show more content†¦Although, forensic psychology was founded decades ago, it still remains as one of the more recent branches of psychology. The contribution of a forensic psychologist plays a critical role in the process of many crime investigatio ns. The most important task of a forensic psychologist is conducting psychological assessments of any suspect involved in a crime case, including children. For that reason, a forensic psychologist must have a strong foundation of both clinical skills and law training (Ward, 2013). III. Battered Woman Syndrome One of the most common defense arguments used in domestic violence homicide crimes, is the act of self-defense due to battered woman syndrome (BWS). Battered woman syndrome is a theory that was developed by clinical psychologist, Dr. Lenore Walker during the 1970’s. Her approach towards BWS explains why battered women kill their abusive partners, instead of ending the relationship. According to Dr. Walker, many victims of domestic violence find it difficult to end an abusive relationship due to â€Å"learned helplessness† (Rodgers, 2017). Dr. Walker also discovered that most women with BWS follow a pattern called â€Å"The Cycle of Violence†. She explains that the cycle consists of three different stages: The tension building stage, the acute battering incident stage and the honeymoon stage. In the first stage, victims cover up for the partner’s abuse toward family and friends. This leadsShow MoreRelatedViolence is the Physical Force Prohibited by Law799 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Violence†¦the unlawful exercise of physical force† (The Concise Oxford English Dictionary). How Well Does This Statement Define Interpersonal Violence? One of the most common ways of defining violence is to only consider forms of criminal violence and to argue that violence is the use of force that has been prohibited by law (Riedel Welsh, 2002, p.3). The Oxford dictionary when taking a legal dimension, defines violence as â€Å"the unlawful exercise of physical force†. This definition suggestsRead MoreSpeech on Domestic Violence - Urban Issue986 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech for Urban Issue – Domestic Violence Domestic Violence is violence or physical abuse directed toward your spouse or partner, usually its violence by men against women Domestic Violence or DV is about power and control over a spouse. The three main types of Domestic Violence are Physical, Emotional, and Economic (financial) The first kind of domestic violence that we will be talking about is physical violence. Physical violence involves a person using physical force which causes harm to spouseRead MoreA Research On Domestic Violence1697 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Paper Development Log Domestic Violence. Domestic violence is defined like an action by one person against another with the intent to cause harm and tried to getting power and control over the other. (Psychology Dictionary) For me there s no better definition of domestic violence than the one that was previously stated, since it involves two keywords: harm and power. (Retrieved from http://www.chicagojustice.org/research/long-form-reports/violence-againt-women-in-the-news/Chart%20C%20SA%20Race-Ethnicity%20of%20OffendersRead More We Must Work Together to Reduce Domestic Violence1303 Words   |  6 Pages Domestic violence is an act of crime which occurs in domestic household units. It is also known as as spousal abuse or family violence. Domestic violence is not only related to physical abuse but also emotional, sexual, financial, mental and verbal threats. According to ( Human Right Watch, 1995) cited from Macionis, John J., 2008. Domestic violence is defined as bodily harm, usually accompanied by verbal threats and harassment, emotional abuse or the destruction of property as meansRead MoreDomestic Violence868 Words   |  4 PagesINFORMATIVE SPEECH: â€Å"What is domestic Violence, how common it is and which are some of the main signs that we can recognize domestic relationships.† â€Å"What do you think that is Domestic Violence?† Before I answer to this question, let me tell you a short story. Her friends describe Maria â€Å"as the perfect girl†. She is beautiful, she is working and she has many friends. However, Maria has many problems in her family. Her father is alcoholic and he is not working to feet his family. So,Read MoreWhat is Domestic Violence? Essays1749 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence Domestic violence is a pattern of physical and mental abuse and controlling behavior in a relationship and can happen to anyone, regardless of age, race, sexual orientation, religion, or gender; this type of abuse can have both short and long term affects and can cause physical, mental, and emotional pain. While abuse can happen to anyone, women are by far the most frequent victims and men are the most frequent abusers. The U.S. department of justice estimates that 95 percent ofRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Women1599 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is a large social issue around the world that is commonly associated with the mistreatment of women. However, there are many different forms of domestic violence that affect men, women, and children (Domestic Violence 1). Victims of domestic violence may suffer not only physically, but emotionally and mentally as well. Domestic violence is a very important social issue because it negatively affects both the abuser a nd the victim. In the article, â€Å"Domestic Violence and Abuse: TypesRead MoreA Thousand Splendid Suns : Domestic Violence Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 2016 A Thousand Splendid Suns Social Issue: Domestic Violence Domestic violence is an act of violence or abuse against a person living in one’s household, especially a member of one’s immediate family. It includes physical violence, sexual violence, threats, and emotional abuse. The frequency and severity of domestic violence can vary dramatically. Statistical/ Demographical Information About Domestic Violence: †¢85% of domestic violence victims are women †¢1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men inRead MoreThe Use Of Force And Gender Symmetry1493 Words   |  6 Pagess use force is often in self-defense, retaliation, or to express anger, stress or frustration, whereas men s use of violence is often to control and exercise power over their partners. Thus, the motivation for violence differs between men and women. Furthermore, the damage caused by women when using force does not equal to that caused by men. Therefore, gender symmetry does not exist in domestic violence. Main Findings Use of Force and Gender Symmetry Gender symmetry in terms of domestic or intimateRead More Domestic Violence Essay with Annotated Bibliography1593 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent types of domestic violence. Physical abuse is the most obvious form, but this is not to say that outsiders always recognize it. Generally, physical violence causes bodily harm, using a variety of methods. Slapping, pushing, throwing, hitting, punching, and strangling are only a few methods. An object or weapon may or may not be used. There is not always physical evidence of physical abuse such as bruising, bleeding, scratches, bumps, etc., therefore, absence of physical marks does not necessarily

Essay about A Career in Mental Health Nursing - 1383 Words

What is it that makes choosing a career so difficult? Is it the fact that many people mainly choose a career they live off for the rest of their lives? Or is it just that they are scared of the difficulties and obstacles that will come through their path? Many students choose the usual careers: nursing, doctors, mechanics, or just working at a gas station. It all depends on where and if the student decides to go to college and what degree they are looking forward to earning. Becoming a mental health nurse would be a good choice because it pays very well. Students are recommended to go to college and get their Bachelors and Masters’ degree. It will take a lot of studies but it will be worth it. â€Å"Most of us take our mental health for†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mental health nurse also work with families of patients to make sure that patients are getting all the help that they can. In addition, they may play a roll in educating the community about mental health issues.† (Career Cruising) Depending on what they choose, mental health nurses can help either children or the elder. Many work with those who are a danger to themselves and others. â€Å"Some mental health nurses are trained and assigned to work within the prison populations. Some may work with those who have substances abuse problems.† Mental health nurses work in many areas such as, hospitals, clinics, schools, prisons, and some government agencies. Depending on the nurses’ shifts, some who work full time work a total of forty hours a week. Nurses who work in clinics or hospitals have rotating shifts, meaning evenings and weekends. During the â€Å"student† stage of nursing need to be able to understand the patients origins. A disadvantage to this job would be, depending on whom nurses work with, this job can become stressful. The patients the nurses work with can be emotional in several ways including being aggressive. Traveling to the patients house may be required and other various community sites. It is highly recommended to take certain courses in high school if you are interested in the health care field. Depending on the employer, education requirements vary. â€Å"However, at the minimum you must first become a registered nurse by earning aShow MoreRelatedThe Global Issue Of Mental Health And Shortage Of Nursing Staff1692 Words   |  7 Pagesthe global issue of mental health and shortage of nursing staff. Mental health is not the primary choice of nursing students when they graduate, and there is a shortage of psychiatric nurses as the older generation is coming closer to retirement. Across the states in Australia, studies have been conducted by Registered Nurses to survey and analyze nursing students and their field of preference after graduation. From the studies analyzed in this literature review, mental health has the least numberRead MoreThe Personality Tests On Indiana Career Explorer1118 Words   |  5 PagesIndiana Career Explorer, the tests gave me a couple o f examples of fields I would be successful in, it told me what values may be important to me in a workplace environment. I feel these assessments were spot on and I have more confidence in my ability to be successful in my career choice. According to the Kuder Career Interests assessment, I would be very successful in the following categories: professional support services, teaching and training, counseling and mental health services, health informaticsRead MoreReflection On Mental Health802 Words   |  4 PagesIn my opinion, mental illness is also called psychiatric disorder, which affects an individual’s way of thinking, behaving and perceiving, and interacting with other people. Upon reflection, I felt that my anxiety was largely due to my negative preconceptions about mental illness especially my belief that mentally ill people are violent, unpredictable, and dangerous. These views were not only a result of a lack of knowledge about mental illness but also due to the impact of negative media and culturalRead MoreNurse Manager Of The Child / Adolescent Psychiatric Units At Kingswood Hospital1098 Words   |  5 PagesNursing jobs provide emotionally and financially rewarding careers. The health care indu stry employs millions of nurses and the job outlook continues to improve each year. This paper explores two common types of degrees held by Registered Nurses (RN) and seeks to emphasize the primary differences between the two. An individual who has a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) or an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) can become an RN after passing the NCLEX-RN examination. However, there are certain advantagesRead MoreNursing Philosophy1373 Words   |  6 PagesNursing Philosophy Ayesha Muhammad Alcorn State University July 27, 2010 Nursing Philosophy Nursing is more than just simply a career. Nursing is a calling from a higher power. I chose to be a nurse for several different reasons. My uncle was diagnosed with terminal lung cancer in (date). The care and compassion shown to my uncle put nursing in another perspective for me. The feelings of care and comfort my family received during this tragic time had a strong impact on my decision toRead MoreNursing a Successful Career Essay1013 Words   |  5 PagesRegistered nursing is among the top 10 occupations with the largest job growth’’ according to The Bureau of Statistics but why? Registered nursing is all over the world. In every hospital you will find many registered nurses because it is a good career to get into. A job industry that will never run out of jobs is the heath industry because everyone in the world needs health care treatment. Students should look into healthcare careers id they want a successful life and career. Registered nursing needRead M oreMy Goal And Future As A Psychiatric And Mental Health Nurse Practitioner1399 Words   |  6 Pagesskills thought to me by the diverse professors and student. Being a nurse for 9 years with a diverse background has provided me with some experience and eagerness to achieve evidence base practice to advance my knowledge as a Psychiatric and Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP). The purpose of this paper is to guide me through this learning process to stay focus on my goal and future as I advance in the learning process. Education and professional background My educational background is theRead MoreMental Health : An Essential Part Of Health825 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Mental health is considered as an essential part of health in which an individual recognizes their full capacity to deal with pressures that surround them, work productively and be of positive influence to society. World Health Organization [WHO] (2008) reported that Australia contributes an estimate of 29.4% of neuropsychiatric on the global burden of disease. In 2015 the revised Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation [ANMF] Policy states that the distribution of health care in mentalRead MoreThe Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1642 Words   |  7 Pagespaper is aimed at addressing the personal philosophy of nursing (PPN) in caring for the people, their-health and their-environment. PPN is defined as the way of navigating true about understanding individual or people living situation in according to their values, beliefs, health and surrounding (Whitman, Rose, 2003). This PPN has reflected many times in my previous works as an assistant in nurse, with the ACT agents known as Ru bies Nursing. In this role, I have cared for both moderate and highlyRead MoreReflection, Challenges, And Ideas1287 Words   |  6 PagesReflection, challenges and ideas to explore Zak wishes to pursue postsecondary education and has definite career goals, just like many other young adults. Unfortunately, he is up against many barriers such as poverty, homelessness, mental illness and lack of social support, and our system has fallen short in addressing those barriers and in making higher education easily accessible to him. Young adults go through many life transitions and experiencing a FEP add greatly to the complexity of this

Resistance of bacterial to antimicrobial agents Free Essays

Introduction Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a global problem in the treatment of bacterial infection. Bacterial resistance is a mechanism by which bacterial are able to overcome antibiotic meant to destroy or kill them, these bacterial multiply to cause disease in humans figure 1 (Patrick, 2003) Figure1 the non antimicrobial resistance and non antimicrobial resistance Although the most resistant bacterium can be inhibited or destroyed by using a high concentration of antibiotic, subjects on the other hand may not be able to bear the high concentration of antibacterial agents that may be required treat some bacterial infection or disease. Bacterial species differ in their susceptibility to an antibiotic or antibiotics. We will write a custom essay sample on Resistance of bacterial to antimicrobial agents or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance some strains of Streptococcus pneumonia in Britain are inhibited by 0.01mg/l of benzyl penicillin thus the minimum inhibitory concentration, and that of Escherichia coli, a dose 32-64mg/l is needed to inhibit the growth or kill the bacterial but this becomes highly toxic to the human body cannot manage. This opens the view of clinical resistance, which is based on the on effect antibiotics on humans and misuse of antibiotics. Clinical resistance is therefore a process by which the type of infecting pathogenic bacterium, its point of attachment in the body, the distribution of antimicrobial in the body, its concentration at site of infection and the immune status of the subject interact(Gerard,2011). Bacterium uses enzymes, efflux pump, gene, helix ring as well as plasmid to defend itself or to develop resistant to antibiotics. (figure2) Figure 2 structure of a resistant bacterium Beta- lactamase Beta-lactams are of copies penicillin, a large group of antibiotics that are made up of all the antibiotic agents with a four ring in their molecular structure. The bacterial cell wall serves as a protective tool for the bacterial against any foreign substances such as antibacterial agents, from entering inside the bacterial to destroy its internal protective structures. The beta-lactam antibiotic works by blocking the cell wall synthesis of the bacterial. Douglas (2002), but bacterial develop resistance to beta lactam by attacking the four ring structure shown in blue in figure of the beta-lactam through an enzymatic reactions (figure1). Bacterial produce beta lactamase enzyme to breaks the beta-lactam ring of the antibiotic and makes the antibiotic ineffective to block the bacterial cell wall synthesis and hence a resistance to the antibiotic (Miller et al., 2004). Figure3 structure of beta-lactam (www.users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/Biology/pages/A/Antibiotics) Mutation at the target sites Some antibiotics such as Streptomycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 16SrRNA and blocks the function of the ribosome but bacterial changes the 16SrRNA gene and limit the attraction of streptomycin to the 16S molecule bacterial mutate and acquire a new DNA. In imipenem resistant, Pseudomonosa aerugeninosa, lack the specific D2 porin and imipenem cannot break through the cell. Changing the main site of action may change the drug target in that antibiotic may enter the cell but may miss the target and may not be able to bind, the antibiotic may not be metabolised. This makes the antibiotic inactive in the bacteria and as result the bacterial develop tolerance (Springer et al., 2001). Enzymatic modification Ciprofloxacin act together with an enzyme gyrase to block its enzymatic action. An alteration in each the gene that is gyraseA or gyraseB would change the molecular arrangement of the gyrase and as such limit the binding affinity of the enzyme for ciprofloxacin. It therefore prevents the antibiotic from blocking the gyrase and this process enables the bacteria cell more resistant to the antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) (Gerard, 2005) Efflux of antibiotics from the cell by pump Other bacterial such as the Escherichia coli create a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) outflow pump gives the bacterial with resistance to antibiotics such as tetracycline, erythromycin or nalidic acid. The pump drives out the antibiotic from the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell and allows the bacterial to maintain the intracellular levels below the toxic or lethal concentrationThe MAR pump is made of proteins MarA and MarB, whose production is blocked by the controlling protein Mar. Poole (2000) These changes get rid of the suppression control of Mar and leads to much production of the Mar A and B efflux pump. The bacterial cell wall is able to get rid of higher concentrations of antimicrobial agents and as such become resistant to the antibiotic (Cohen et al., 1988). Acquired Resistance by alternate metabolic pathways Resistance in bacteria may be acquired when a bacterium is been exposed to antibiotic for a long period of time for example vancomycin resistance in Escherichia coli. This may be by mutation or by gaining a new DNA. Plasmids are copying pieces portion of DNA, slighter than the bacteria genome which programme their transfer by copying into another bacterial strain. These bacteria may then carry and transfer resistance gene which as part of the DNA.Viruses that infects bacterial bacteriophages can pass on resistance, especially in staphylococcus, DNA is released when bacterial dead bacterial is taken up by a viable bacterial and this is possibly route for the spread of penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumonia. Bacterial possesses range of biochemical genetic systems for warranting the progression and diffusion of antibiotic resistance. Genes can appear by rapid transformation (Penrose, 1998). ‘Superbugs’ are used to describe a bacterium or microorganism that is able to resistant more than one or more commonly used antibiotics. Bacteria resistance to antibiotics are grouped according to the type of antimicrobial agent that they resist. The most common groups are: MRSA (Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to mithescilin ) VRE (Entrococcus species resistant to vancomycin); these type of bacteria live in the bowel and usually cause infection such as pneumonia, heart or wound in subjects with weak immune system or subjects with chronic disease such as diabetes. PRSP (Streptococcus pneumoniae strains resistant to penicillin); ESBLs (Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria resistant to cephalosporin and Monobactams) (Gerard, 2011) Treatment of superbugs MRSA is a type of Staphylococcus aureus has develops a resistant to antibacterial activity of methicillin and the other penicillins Staphylococcus aureus may cause infection in the blood or on the skin disease such. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide that is effective for the treatment of MRSA. It is hard and large molecule that blocks the last step of bacterial cell wall synthesis through hydrogen bonds with D-alanyl-D-alamine end of the peptodoglycan (PDG) side chains(Reynolds,1989)). Subjects infected with MRSA are treated with vancomycin but very painful through the intramuscular route and a rapid administration into the veins may cause an allergic reaction called the red-man syndrome, therefore a slow infusion of 50mk/kg is given two times daily for 7 days. Daptomycin is a broad spectrum antibiotic that has been approved by the American food and drug Administration for the treatment of MRSA, VRE and PSBP. It binds irreversibly to the bacteria cell membrane and depolarise it and m ore Potassium ions move out of the cell to create an inbalance of the ion-concentration gradient. Currently, Daptomycin shows no cross-resistance. A dose of 4-6mg/kg is administered once daily for 7 days. It is not metabolised in the liver. Daptomycin interacts with the HMG-6A reductase inhibitors such as statin. Nausea, constipation and headache are the main side effects associated with the use of Daptomycin. Quinupristin was well used in the year 2000 for the treatment of hospital acquired infection. Quinupristin main function was to interfere with both the early and the last phase of bacterial protein synthesis but the major problem was that it has to required slow infusion for a large volume fluid just as vancomycin and as such could only be used for inpatients subjects(Despoina and Jordi,2006)). Dancer, an oral Streptogramin has been was developed and out 53 subjects 39 were successfully cured of MRSA infection. A new glycopeptide, MDL63246 with a similar mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics as vancomycin is under early stages of development and would be more effective at lower dosages than vancomycin and less side effects. (Franz-Joseph and Mark, 1997) A new approach for VRE treatment is the blocking of oxazoliddines from flowing out of the bacterial cell and broad spectrum pumps of Gram negative bacterial is being studied for future treatment of VRE. (Livermore, 2003).Linezolid belongs to the oxazolinones class of antibiotics and it binds to the 50S ribosomal segment and blocks bacterial protein synthesis. can be administered intravenously or orally .Through the oral administration, a subject is given 600mg two times daily for 10-14 days and 600mg 30-120 minutes twice daily for one week for intravenous route. Moxifloxacin is a drug of choice for the treatment of PRSP It work by inhibiting DNA synthesis by enhancing cleavage of DNA of the bacterial DNA enzyme complex of the DNA gyrase and type IV topoisomerase figure. The dose regime is based on the type of infection, for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis a 400mg of Moxifloxacin is given daily for 10 days and 400mg daily dose of Moxifloxacin for 7-14 days is used treat community acquired pneumonia by Streptococcus sp. Figure3 the mechanism of action of Fluoroquinolones (www.mecriticalcare,net/downloads/Dcourse/AntimicrobialAgents Tigecycline is currently used to treat ESBPLs treat Gram negative enteric rod such as E. coli and Gram negative bacilli such as the Pseudomonas spp. Tigecycline interfere with the bacterial protein synthesis by attaching to the 30S of the ribosomal subunit and this 100mg load dose is given initially and 50mg subsequent dose of every 12 hours is administered for seven days (figure3). (Wunderink et al., 2003) Figure3 Tigecycline binding to Ribosome 30S subunit at:www.mecritcalcare.net/AntimicrobialAgent. Conclusion Bacteria or microbes are constantly reproducing at a faster and becoming resistant to antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial resistance is a global crisis new and more potent antibiotics would have to be developed to overcome the problem of antibiotic resistance. Identification of natural products and knowing their biosynthesis from the bacterial source would enable scientist to find well defined antibiotic structures to that could kill or destroy all kinds of bacterial. Scientist may target ribose DNA, RNA or the peptodoglycan. Reference Brumfit, W.and Hamilton-Miller, J. (1989) Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. N Eng J Med 320:1188-1196 Cohen, S.P., McMurry, L.M. and Levy, S.B. (1988) marA locus causes decreased expression of OmpF porin in multiple-antibiotic-resistant (Mar) mutants of Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology 170:5416-5422 Despoina, K.and Jordi, R. (2006) Hospital –acquired pneumonia in the 21st century: a review of existing treatment options and their impact on patient care. Expert Opin.Pharmacother 7 12) 1555-1569 Douglas, N.F. (2002) Extended-Interval Dosing of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics in critically ill patients. Journal of Pharmacy Practice15:85-95 Franz-Joseph, S.and Mark, E.J. (1997) Antibiotics for treatment of infections caused by MRSA and elimination of MRSA carriage: What are the choicesInternational Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 9:1-19 Gerald, D.W. (2005) Bacterial resistance to antibiotics: Enzymatic degradation and of modification. Advance Drug Delivery Reviews 57:1451-1470 Gerald, D.W. (2011) Molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance. Chem.Commun. 47:4055-4061 Livermore, D.M. (2003) Linezolid in vitro mechanism and Antimicrobial spectrum. Journal of Antimicrobial chemotherapy 51:9-16 Miller,C.,Thomsen,C.G.,Mosseri,H.I. and Cohen,S.N.(2004) SOS response induction by ?-lactams and bacterial defence against antibiotic lethality. Science 305:1629-1631 Patrick, F.M.D (2003) Antimicrobials: Modes of Action and mechanism of resistance. International Journal of Toxicology 22:135-143 Penrose, E. (1998) Bacterial resistance to antibiotics-a case of unnatural selection. Creation research Society Quarterly 35:76-83 Peter, N.B. and Morris, J.B (2008) Clinical Pharmacology.edn 10.Churchil Livinstone.london Poole, K.(2000) Efflux-mediated resistance to Floroquinolones in-gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44:2877-3884 Reynolds, P.E. (1989) Structure, biochemistry and mechanism of action of glycopeptide antibiotics.EurJ.clin Micr infection.Dis 8:943-950 SpringerB.,Kidan,Y.P.,Prammananan,K.E.,Bottger,E.C. and Sander,P.(2001) Mechanism of streptomycin resistance: selection of mutation in the 16S rRNA gene conferring resistance . Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45:2877-2884 ww w.web-books.com/MoBio/free/ch8A.htm www.mecriticalcare,net/downloads/Dcourse/AntimicrobialAgents www.users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/Biology/Pages/A/Antibiotic How to cite Resistance of bacterial to antimicrobial agents, Essay examples

Marketing Plan Legacy Village

Introduction Marketing plan is essential for companies or enterprises in order to reach their clients and establish a strong base of customers. It describes the strategies, which an organization intends to use to retain and attract customers (Berkowitz 127). Therefore, marketing plan is significant for success of an organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan: Legacy Village specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is therefore, paramount for organizations to develop effective marketing plan. This helps in management and operational plans for the organization. In addition, marketing plan assists organization to accomplish the set goal. This report devises budget of one of products of Legacy Village and evaluates outcomes to measure the effectiveness of marketing plan. Legacy Village is located in Layton. It a serene and convenient place that offers services such as retirement living, assisted living, rehabilitation, and memory care. Retirement living enables clients to interact with each other comfortably through learning and leisure activities. Assisted living entails providing services for senior people who are unable to manage themselves. However, these people do not require comprehensive and intensive daily medical care. Memory care encompasses total management and assistance of senior people. Professionals in memory care help clients in grooming, bathing, and eating. Finally, rehabilitation at Legacy Village offers services such as recovery from surgical operations, strokes, injuries, or orthopedic cases of hospitalization (Legacy Village 1). Legacy Village is extremely essential for helping seniors who have some disabilities as well as those in the recovery process. It is therefore significant for this organization to develop a marketing plan that enables it to achieve its goals. The following table indicates budget estimates for the retirement living. This is one of the p roducts, which Legacy Village offers to its esteemed customers. The budget shows the costs of services such as an advertisement in both print and electronic media. Table of Cost Estimates for Retirement Living at Legacy Village of Layton Type of Advertisement Cost Estimate (U.S Dollars) Daily Newspapers $2000 Television $1500 Online $2000 Social Media $3000 Exhibitions $5000 Publications/Articles/Brochures $8000 Telemarketing $2500 Grand Total $26000 Methods to Evaluate outcomes of Marketing Plan on Retirement Living It is highly prudent for Legacy Village to devise a method that evaluates the outcome of the marketing plan for retirement living. This is because evaluation of the plan is tremendously significant in establishing whether the organization has accomplished its set goals and objectives (Berkowitz 200). This therefore means that the marketing plan should give tangible results for the success of Legacy Village. Some of the ways that the health organiza tion in question can use include, bottom up approach, negotiated approach, and objectives approach.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bottom-up approach entails getting feedback from the consumers of the retirement living service. This will help the management at Legacy Village to have deeper knowledge of the demands of their customers. On top of this, organization will improve the quality of its services hence satisfaction to the customers. Negotiated approach is a method that encompasses collecting comments from a big number of people. This will assist Legacy Village elicit and attract potential customers to use their products. This organization can create a strong database, which will enable current and potential customers to post their feedback. A third method, which is sound for evaluation entails objective approach. The organization in question can use statistical data s uch as records and surveys (Berkowitz 195). This therefore calls the organization to keep the data of any transaction and activities safely. The three ways of evaluation, which this report has highlighted can benefit the Legacy Village in their mission to care for seniors. Work Cited Berkowitz, Eric. Essentials of Health Care Marketing. New York: Aspen publishers, 2011. Print. Legacy Village. Legacy Village, Layton. Web. https://www.legacyretire.com/ This essay on Marketing Plan: Legacy Village was written and submitted by user Kaitlynn Lynn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

An Overview of the Dysphagia Diet Essay Example

An Overview of the Dysphagia Diet Essay Example An Overview of the Dysphagia Diet Paper An Overview of the Dysphagia Diet Paper The Dysphagia Diet is a specialized diet developed for people suffering from dysphagia. Dysphagia is a medical condition in which swallowing food becomes difficult and poses a danger to the patient. Dysphagia can be a result of trauma or injury such as stroke and thus predisposes the client to malnutrition. The dysphagia diet was developed to address this condition and consists of five levels (levels I-V), with each level designed to cater to a patient’s specific situation and/or condition. An Overview of the Dysphagia Diet There is no question that food, plays a very important role in mankind’s health and being. After all it is one of man’s most basic needs and people require sustenance to live and function. Food plays a central role in everybody’s lives. It dictates livelihoods, it represents culture and most importantly it affects health. Diet is generally defined as the food intake habits/practice of individuals in order to gain nutrition. In healthcare, diet may be used as a preventive, therapeutic or rehabilitative tool. One such kind of diet that has a rehabilitative/supportive purpose is what is known as Dysphagia diet. Dysphagia diet in the simplest terms is a specialized form of food preparation for individuals suffering from dysphagia. Dysphagia is a medical condition wherein it becomes difficult to chew or swallow food or liquids. This condition is a result of a blockage or malfunction in the system that controls the swallowing mechanism (Jackson-Seigelbaum, 2008). This interruption may occur in any of the three phases of the swallowing process and can be dangerous to the patient as this predisposes the patient to asphyxiation, aspiration and complications such as pneumonia (Lippincott, Williams Wilkins, 2007). There are two types of dysphagia. First is esophageal dysphagia which â€Å"occurs when food/liquid stops in the esophagus. This happens most often because of consistent stomach acid refluxing (backing up) into the esophagus† and the second is termed as oropharyngeal dysphagia which â€Å"involves difficulty moving food to the back of the mouth and starting the swallowing process† (Jackson-Seigelbaum, 2008). Since these individuals have difficulty taking in food, they become prone to malnutrition. It then becomes an important part of the treatment to provide the patient with adequate nutrition while at the same time safeguarding against possible complications of the condition such as asphyxiation, aspiration and pneumonia. Thus the situation requires a specialized diet: the dysphagia diet. According to the National Dysphagia Diet (NDD) published by the American Dietetic Association, â€Å"there are five different diet levels from pureed (level 1) up through modified regular food (level 5). The diets vary in texture and consistency, and are chosen depending on which would be most effective for a specific patient† (Jackson-Seigelbaum, 2008). There are four frequently used terms in describing the consistency of liquid viscosity to be used in preparing foods for the dysphagia diet: thin, nectar-like, honey-like and spoon-thick. However there are â€Å"texture modifications for dysphagia management†¦one that is open to wide variation across clinicians and the facilities Previous research has demonstrated that clinicians, including speech-language pathologists (SLPs), show significant variation in the amount of thickening powder they feel is necessary to mix a liquid to nectar-thick or honey-thick consistency† (McCullough, Pelletier Steele, 2003, p. 16,27). Level I of the dysphagia diet includes pureed foods pureed to a smooth consistency similar to mashed potatoes. This level is reserved for individuals that cannot tolerate solid foods at all. Level II involves mincing or chopping food into small pieces (1/8 inch) about the size of a sesame seed. This level is reserved for those who can slightly tolerate whole food. Foods in the level III group are ground/diced into 1/4-inch pieces similar in size to rice. On the other hand Level IV includes food chopped into ? inch sizes – about the size of an elbow macaroni or croutons. Lastly, Level V includes soft, moist, regularly textured foods (Jackson-Seigelbaum, 2008). These diets are chosen depending on the current status of the patient and according to the tolerability of the diet. Ideally, as a patient is treated for dysphagia, the diet provided is started with the one that is most tolerated and as the patient improves the diet level is also adjusted until the patient resumes normal function. Foods in the dysphagia diet are thinned or thickened depending on the necessity. Thinning agents include hot or cold milk (depending on the food being thinned), broth, gravy and other sauces. Thickening agents include commercially available agents including unflavored gelatin, baby rice and potato flakes. Gravy and other thick sauces may also be used (Jackson-Seigelbaum, 2008). Patients on dysphagia diet must be monitored closely especially in the early phases of the treatment and diet initiation. Nursing considerations that must be taken into account include the following: Consult the speech therapist to assess the patient for aspiration risk and swallowing exercises that can help decrease the risk; coordinate with the dietician about the foods with distinct textures and temperatures apt for the client; before beginning the meal, â€Å"stimulate salivation by talking with the patient about food, adding a lemon slice or dill pickle to his tray, and providing mouth care before and after meals†; and lastly, when feeding, place the patient in upright position with his neck slightly flexed forward keeping his chin at midline (Lippincott, Williams Wilkins, 2007). Additionally, compensatory techniques may be taught in order to reduce aspiration risks and improve pharyngeal clearance. Examples of such compensatory techniques include the chin-tuck position which â€Å"decreases the space between the base of the tongue and the posterior pharyngeal wall, creating increased phar yngeal pressure to move the bolus through the pharyngeal region† (Paik, 2008). Other techniques involve any of the following: head rotation to the affected side, tilting the head towards the strong side and lying on the side or back when swallowing. Maneuvers are also available to protect the airway and safeguard against aspiration. These maneuvers are the supraglottic swallow, extended supraglottic swallow, supersupraglottic swallow, effortful swallow, the Mendelson maneuver, the Shaker exercise and the well known Heimlich maneuver (Paik, 2008). Lastly, upon discharge of the patient, the client must be taught and made sure to understand the following: which foods and textures to avoid, be taught measures to reduce the risk of aspiration and choking hazards and make sure that the client has full understanding of the diagnosis and treatment plan developed by the healthcare team (Lippincott, Williams Wilkins, 2007) References Jackson-Seigelbaum. (2008). Dysphagia Diet: 5 levels for difficulty in swallowing diet. Retrieved 11 February 2009 from gicare. com/Diets/Dysphagia. aspx Lippincott, Williams Wilkins. (2007) Nursing: interpreting signs and symptoms. Retrieved on 11 February 2009 from wrongdiagnosis. com/symptoms/throat_symp-toms/book-causes-16a. htm McCullough, Gary; Pelletier, Cathy, Steele, Catriona. (2003, Nov. 4). National dysphagia diet: what to swallow? The ASHA Leader, pp. 16, 27. Paik, N. (2008, June 25). Dysphagia. eMedicine. com. Retrieved 11 February 2009 from http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/324096-overview

How to Remain Productive When Working Remotely

How to Remain Productive When Working Remotely According to recent Stanford University research, more than 10% of the U.S. workforce now works remotely or from home. This setup can be beneficial for everyone- managers get more productive workers due to eliminating a commute time,  and workers get to concentrate on their duties without too much micromanaging from their bosses. Working from home in your pajamas sounds lovely, doesn’t it? You get to get your job done while throwing in loads of laundry in your coffee breaks. But being super-close to all the trappings of your home life- or just being far away from all your colleagues and supervisors- can be distracting and have an isolating effect. To make sure you’re maximally productive â€Å"on the job,† even when at home, follow these handy tips.1. Set your hours.Pencil in the hours when you will be â€Å"at work.† These hours don’t have to be 9-5, but they do have to suit your working/living needs and schedule and not conflict with the needs o f your boss. Once you set them, stick to them. Don’t plan long lunches or personal appointments during these hours. Treat it like a time card. If you prefer to break up the day into chunks, make sure those chunks are long enough to be productive (say 3 hours) to get some work done.2. Designate an office.Even if you live somewhere cramped and can’t have â€Å"an office,† at least mark off some sort of work station or area for yourself. Turn off the television, and try to get off the couch or your bed. Head to the same spot to work each day. Train your brain that this area is where your job happens, and the rest of your house is where your life happens.3. Don’t forget to get outside.Don’t go skipping around the block regularly during your work hours, mind you- unless it’s just for a wee stroll to get the blood moving. But do try and make sure that you aren’t spending all day and night, every day and night, at home. Make after-work plans , or incorporate out-of-the-house exercise at some point.4. Plan your days out each morning.Make to-do lists for yourself of all the work tasks you need or want to accomplish in a given day. Then figure out how to ration out your day to complete them. This will keep you from veering off task, even when distractions present themselves. Don’t procrastinate, and you’ll stand a good chance of getting things done.5. Minimize online (and other) distractions.The less time you spend surfing Reddit or falling down the rabbit hole of social media, the better and more productive you will be. Use programs like Freedom or Self Control to keep you off the Internet during your work hours.6. Take care of yourself.Make sure you get on a steady sleep schedule that complements your work schedule- and stick to it. Get enough sleep. Make sure to shower and put on something other than sweatpants. Eat a good breakfast and healthy lunches and snacks throughout the day. Exercise when you can t o keep your blood and brain flowing.7. Demand a quiet space.You might have to tell your friends and family to leave you the heck alone during your business hours. Tell them what your constraints are, and then be ruthless about adhering to your schedule. When your people know your break and off times, they’ll be able to train themselves not to interrupt at other times.8. Check in with others.Don’t just work all day all by yourself and send emails to your boss with progress. Check in with your colleagues and supervisor regularly. Develop relationships with other telecommuters. Perhaps set up a happy hour for other work-from-homers. Get yourself some human interaction- professionally as well as personally.9. Log off every day.Once you’re done for the day, leave your workspace, shut your computer, and step away from the job. It’s even more important to keep these boundaries fiercely drawn when you’re working from home. Don’t end up checking work emails until bedtime- you’ll drive yourself nuts!

GMCs Hummer Vehicle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

GMCs Hummer Vehicle - Essay Example The realist considers Hummer for its practical purposes, and will therefore make use of the vehicle's off-road prowess. The discerner is a connoisseur for the finer things in life, who appreciates Hummer's status, but is unlikely to go off-roading. The conqueror is a successful person who wants people to know it, who appreciates Hummer for its exclusivity and attention grabbing looks. The fourth type of buyer is the adventurer, who wants to take the Hummer off-road. (Amazing Cars - Magazine) By analyzing the percentage of the population that has these qualities, Hummer's U.S. target market segment is males between the ages of 25 and 64 who earn over $100,000 per year. ANALYSIS Demographic Information: "Hummer's target market segment cannot be very large because of the high price of the vehicle, which can be in excess of $90,000. Hummer must gear its marketing strategies towards this small group of individuals."1 Hummer's market segment consists of males between the ages of 25 and 44 who earn over $100,000 a year. This demographic group consists of Generation X'ers and some of the Baby Boom generation. These males are looking for specific vehicles that are geared towards luxury and status. According to 1999 census data , in the approximation of 40,698,000 males between the ages of 25 and 44, only 2,011,000 of them earn enough money to purchase a Hummer. This would give Hummer a market base of over 2 million consumers. This market segment is growing because of the change in this base from 2005 to 2006. The number of males within this age group who earned over $100,000 was 1,730,000 in 2004. That reveals a growth rate of 16% in one year. Also, you can infer that the number of people in general who can afford a Hummer is increasing due to the low unemployment rate, and the steadily growing U.S. economy. 1 ANALYSIS Demographic Information Hummer's sales would continue to grow due to the increase of its market segment coupled with the fact that the company is preparing to release new models that may cater to a whole other marketing segment. Cultural Trends, Attitudes, Values of Target Market The outlook on the buying attitudes of Hummer's target market remains robust in the future. The demand for luxury items has been steadily growing for the past couple of years. With the existence of a bull market, and a steady increase in national prosperity, today's high-income individuals have a healthy demand for luxurious goods and services. The SUV market in general has been steadily increasing over the past five years. According to American Demographics , forecasters estimate that 49% of the new vehicle market will be that of light trucks in 2005, and light truck sales will be greater than that of car sales in 2005. Today's consumers stress safety over other attributes when buying vehicles, which show the increase in demand for SUV's, which are proven to be safer than most cars in crashes. Also, American Demographics' study revealed that empty nest baby boomers are not moving towards sedans, but towards SUV's. Another value of today's consumers is in styling. Today's SUV's have been appealing to consumers because of their current styling blend of ruggedness and beauty. The image factor is also big in analyzing consumer trends. Consumers have a liking for

Organizational culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organizational culture - Essay Example It also focuses on ways of implementing the concept of organisational culture in its operations so as to ensure optimal performance of the organisation. Recommendations will also be given at the end so as to suggest the best possible ways that can be implemented to ensure that there is compliance between the organisational culture and its stated goals. MSD is a multinational pharmaceutical company with headquarters in USA but it operates in more than 100 countries across the globe. Particular attention is given to MSD in the Arabian Gulf region where I am currently working in the sales field. The company has more than 150  000 employees around the globe and it operates in different areas with people from different cultural backgrounds. In my own country, there are more than 300 employees and of interest is that the organisation has more than 80 years in business now. However, as going to be outlined, the organisational culture needs to be constantly refined in order to meet the changing demands of the environment. There is also need for flexibility where the workers need to be developed and trained to play a part in decision making in areas that affect them and their work. According to Brown (1998), research suggests that strong, adaptable cultures which value stakeholders and leadership, and which have a strong sense of mission are likely to be associated with high performance over a long period of time. Basically, organisational culture is a system that tries to make a distinction between one organisation from the other and there are various definitions of organisational culture that have been developed over the years. â€Å"Organisational culture refers to a system of shared assumptions held by members which distinguishes one organisation from the other,† (Werner 2003: 25). In the case of MSD, it can be noted that there are no espoused values that are clearly stated by the

Shifting Attitudes Toward The Poor In Victorian England History Essay

Shifting Attitudes Toward The Poor In Victorian England History Essay Shifting Attitudes toward the Poor in Victorian England. The 1880s have usually been described in terms of a rediscovery of poverty and a decline of individualism in the public conscience of Victorian England despite more than a century of unparalleled commercial progress. The publication of Henry Georges Progress and Poverty in 1881 opened a period characterised by books and surveys which focused public attention on the problems of poverty and squalor by providing compelling numerical justification for more collectivist and socialist government policies. Even Gladstone openly acknowledged in his 1864 budget statement that the astonishing development of modern commerce under free trade was insufficient to remove an enormous mass of paupers who were struggling manfully but with difficulty to avoid pauperdom. Throughout the 1880s, it was clear even to the most steadfast upholder of the individualist ethic that not everyone was able to practise the virtues of self-help or to benefit fro m them. Through a combination of what Derek Fraser identifies as podsnappery (I dont want to know about it) and the seemingly infinite capacity of the economy to generate wealth, the real facts of continuing poverty were obscured from a large part of Victorian society until the investigations and statistical proofs from social reformers such as Charles Booth and Seebohm Rowntree garnered gradual acceptance for the notion that poverty was the consequence of complex economic and social factors beyond the control of the individuals. This shift in popular attitude marked the foundation of the modern welfare state in Britain that would take shape throughout the twentieth century under the Labour party. In this paper, I want to argue that the change in attitudes from the idea of pauperism as social inefficiency that could be dealt with privately to poverty as an issue of physical inefficiency that could be solved publicly was a direct result of the failure of self-help to alleviate the pl ight of the working class and the poverty studies spawned in the wake of such a realization by social reformers in the late Victorian and early Edwardian periods. A social philosophy emerged in the beginning of the nineteenth century in response to the explosive economic and social changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution. Between 1820 and 1870, English economic and political thought was overshadowed byà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the Ricardian economic systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the Malthusian population theory and Adam Smiths Wealth of Nations (1776).  [6]  A laissez-faire economic policy developed that called for free trade and free economic forces to work within a free market with free competition. The individual was to be allowed to fulfill his true potential unrestricted by the trammels of unnecessary restrictions and regulations which were infringements on his liberty.  [7]  The nature of behaviour in human society was closely related to the economic role performed, and so ideas about the structure and function of society emerged as a social adjunct of economic theory. Laissez-faire society emphasised individualism, utilitarianism, and self-interest. By mid century, the virtues of the capitalist middle class that had produced the calm and prosperity of the second quarter of the nineteenth century were elevated into a moral code for all [that became] almost a religion.  [8]  The social philosophy of Victorianism crystallised into four great tenets: work, thrift, respectability, and above all self-help.  [9]   Self-help became the supreme virtue  [10]  that underpinned Victorian society. The success of England by the time of the Great Exhibition in 1851 was credited with Smiths ideal of individuals pursuing their self-interests. The open, competitive society with its enormous opportunities enabled all to rise by their own talents, unaided by government agency. Man, in the Victorian era, was master of his own fate and could achieve anything given initiative and industry. Samuel Smiles defined self-help in his book of the same title published in 1859 as the root of all genuine growth in the individual  [11]  because it encouraged individuals to work to achieve their full potentials since whatever is done for menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to a certain extent takes away the stimulus and necessity of doing for themselves; and where men are subjected to over-guidanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the inevitable tendency is to render them comparatively helpless.  [12]  Failure to govern oneself appropriately f rom within in order to improve ones situation was a result not of external factors but of internal deficiencies such as moral ignorance, selfishness, and vice.  [13]  Although the self-help ideology was essentially of middle-class origin and application, its impact was society-wide and spread upwards toward the landed aristocracy as well as downward to the property-less and working class.  [14]  Throughout the nineteenth century, self-help became viewed as the best help for the poor and institutions of self-help were developed to assist the working class to educate and ameliorate the lives of the working class. Perhaps the most important of the philanthropic organizations to lift the masses from the depths of despair  [15]  was the Charity Organisation Society (C.O.S.) founded in London in 1869 where poverty was most severe. Aside from promoting and helping the working classes realize self-help, Victorian charity was also guided by a genuine and persistent fear of social revolution that benefactors hoped siphoning  [16]  off some of their wealth avoid. The C.O.S. was a federation of district communities that aimed to harness charitable effort more effectively in tackling the perceived moral causes of social distress  [17]  and impose upon the life of the poor a system of sanctions and rewards which would convince them that there could be no escape from lifes miseries except by thrift, regularity, and hard work.  [18]  The society was a pioneer in developing professional social work but its social philosophy was rigorously traditionalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [and it became] one of the staunchest defenders of the self-help individualist ethic.  [19]  To C. S. Loch, General Secretary of the C.O.S., charity had nothing to do with poverty [but] social inefficiency.'  [20]  The problem was pauperism the failure of a man to sustain himself and his dependants a situation for the pauper was guilty of moral failure, self-indulgence, and complacency because he was ultimately responsible for creating his own circumstances. The solution and mandate of the C.O.S. in the words of Bernard Bosanquet, the main intellectual champion of the charity organisation movement was to awaken the moral potentialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in all people'  [21]  and reform the character of the poor by helping individuals understand their own personal strengths in overcoming adverse circumstances. Despite the work of organizations such as the C.O.S. in the 1880s, there was an increased realisation that the environment, social and physical, played a part in determining mens lives that was beyond their control. The C.O.S. acknowledged that men might need charitable help but were convinced that the amount of poverty was limited and could be handled privately without the need for legislation. The accumulated statistical evidence did not yet exist to disprove the societys contention and it was in this ignorance that Charles Booth began his work. Booth, a Liverpool merchant, was concerned about the sensational reporting of individual cases of hardship and wished to ascertain the validity behind the cases through a scientific inquiry.  [22]  He later said, The lives of the poor lay hiddenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ behind a curtain on which were painted terrible pictures: starving children, suffering womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ giants of disease and despair. Did these pictures truly represent what lay behind, or did they bearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a relation similar toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [the] booth at some county fair?  [23]  To locate the reality of poverty and distinguish between the emotional superstructure and the statistical basis, Booth launched two pilot studies in 1886 in Tower Hamlets, and again in 1887 in East London and Hackney using the latest statistical and quantitative techniques. Over the course of career, he extended his research over all of London and published his results in seventeen volumes between 1889 and 1903 under the title Life and Labour of the People of London. Booth found that almost one-third of the population in London lived at or below the poverty line of 18 to 21 shillings per week for a moderate family.  [24]  About 1.2 million Britons lived above the poverty line and were at all times more or less in want.'  [25]  For contemporaries, Booths conclusion that 30 percent of Londons population lived in poverty confirmed that the problem was far beyond the scope of private charitable benevolence  [26]  and provided the statistical incentive needed for practical solutions. Advancements in parliamentary democracy in late Victorian England gave the population political influence. Gradual enlargement of the franchise meant that numbers were beginning to count, and this fact was not lost on politicians who realised the need to placate voters. Gareth Stedman Jones summarizes the increased attention paid to the fear of the chronically poor that began to emerge in the 1880s as a neglected and exploited class that might retaliate and contaminate civilised London.  [27]  The anxiety which prompted members of the respectable working and middle classes to agitate for government action resulted in a mass of detailed legislation  [28]  which dealt with social problems like public health, education, working conditions, and housing. Socialism, in its broadest sense, as a willingness to consider with favour interventionist policies intended to benefit the masses  [29]  dominated legislation passed after 1880. Socialist organisations, such as the Fabian Soc iety, the Social Democratic Federation, and the Independent Labour Party, exerted tremendous influence on a wide range of domestic political questions and swelled in popularity, eventually producing a Labour government in the beginning of the twentieth century. The British government undertook a markedly more serious role in the public dispensation of aid to the poor beginning in 1886 with the Chamberlain Circular. Following the alarming riots by unemployed London workers on February 8, 1886, Joseph Chamberlain, President of the Local Government Board in Gladstones third Liberal ministry, issued a circular in March to authorise the arrangement for municipal public works to relieve unemployment. After thorough investigations into the plight of the working classes, the Local Government Board, according to Chamberlain, found evidence of much and increasing privation  [30]  making the creation of public works necessary to prevent large numbers of persons [from being] reduced to greatest straits.  [31]  Aside from authorizing the work projects, Chamberlain takes pains to prevent those who truly needed assistance from experiencing the stigma of pauperism  [32]  and to make it as easy as possible for those who do not ordinarily seek p oor law relief  [33]  to receive help. Chamberlain made it clear for municipal governments to respect the spirit of independence  [34]  of the working classes and not to add to their already exceptional distress.  [35]  Chamberlain painstakingly explained to the municipal authorities that the working class were not lazy, but simply unfortunate because of severe weather problems and cyclical economic downturns. He went so far as to praise the habitual practice of the working class to make great personal sacrifices  [36]  than receive government alms. The circular significantly reveals the shifting attitudes in Victorian Britain towards redefining poverty as a result of personal deficiencies to external factors beyond ones control. As a result of revelations made by Booth and a realization that reliance on the notion of self-help is insufficient, Chamberlain cautions authorities from looking down on the poor as not working hard to improve their own situations. Implicit in the circular is an admission that self-help and the charity organizations have failed and the municipal governments must treat the working classes as deserving the greatest sympathy and respect  [37]  because they would help themselves if they could had formidable external factors not made it imperative for the government to step in to alleviate the dilemma of the working classes. The Chamberlain Circular established the principle that unemployment was in the last resort the responsibility of the whole society and was inappropriately dealt with via the Poor Law.  [38]  The spirit of the Chamberlain Circular culminated in the passage of the Unemployed Workmens Act in 1905 that acknowledged that poverty had economic causes and was not necessarily the result of moral degeneracy. At the turn of the century, Seebohm Rowntree, inspired by Booth, conducted a survey of York that revealed almost one-third of the population of York lived in poverty.  [39]  Rowntrees picture of poverty was near enough to Booths to be mutually reinforcing and to suggest that approaching a third of the urban population of the whole country was living in poverty.  [40]  Following in the footsteps of Booth and Rowntree, surveys were conducted throughout Britain and added to the rediscovery of poverty  [41]  that produced social programs such as the Old-Age Pension Act (1908) and the National Insurance Act (1911), which paved the foundation for the modern welfare state in Britain in 1946.  [42]   Late Victorian England was a period of rapid transition and change. Before 1880, self-help was the virtue that supported Victorian social philosophy. Derived from a faith in human nature and its possibilities, Victorian society demanded self-reliance because it deemed that at the root of a persons circumstances laid an almost limitless moral potential which could be aroused to overcome the worst environmental adversity. Pauperism was seen as a moral failure and paupers as social inefficient and morally degenerate people. Leading philanthropic organisations like the C.O.S. held poverty to be the result of self-indulgence and complacency and tried to use charity as a means to create the power of self-help in the poor. Beginning in the 1880s, the reality of the growth of abject poverty in the midst of plenty shocked Victorian society. A generation of self-help had not produced a better life, and work by men like and Rowntree forcibly made society aware of the penury within it. The notio n that poverty could be the result of complex economic and social factors beyond the individuals control became accepted, and with the expansion of the franchise, social welfare became a fundamental response to democratic demand. As working class consciousness developed and as institutions of working class organisations, such as trade unions, formulated labour demands it became increasingly important for governments to respond. The more the poor acquired votes in the wake of suffrage reform, the more domestic issues dominated the political arena. As democracy broadened, so, too, did the working class aspirations for social betterment.

Goals: Goal and Prestigious Law Firm Essay

Every person, no matter their race, gender, or language that they speak, have huge goals that they want to accomplish in life. We spend our lives either receiving a college degree or performing on world tours in the pursuit of happiness and success. In the end, it’s not all about the long term goals but the steps to get me there. My long term goals are to travel, graduate with a master’s degree in Business, and make partner at a prestigious law firm. The ultimate long term goal is to travel to Paris and Antarctica. Paris has always been number one on my bucket list of things to do before I die. Visiting the Penguins in Antarctica is closely behind Paris though. My intermediate personal goal is to get a passport and the expensive tickets that will help me get there. In other words, for my short term personal goal I will be sure to find a job that will help me save the money I need to go on this trip. However, an obstacle could be that when I am doing the process of getting my passport I might be missing papers, or it will take time to get them. The possible solutions are that I go and get all of my paperwork that I might be missing or that I pay the fee that they request in the case it takes too long to receive it. Without education there’s limited ways to achieve success. My long term goal is receiving my master’s degree in Business is my long term academic goal. Furthermore, my intermediate goal is to graduate from Valencia. Education is really important to me and graduating will also point me in the right direction of working towards my career goals. My short-term academic goal is to finish this semester with A’s in all of my courses. Procrastination could be a huge obstacle that I will definitely have to work on. Planning ahead and maintaining my free time is two possible solutions to this problem. To make partner at a prestigious law firm is my long term career goal. I’ve wanted to become a lawyer since I could start to think for myself. My intermediate career goal is to get my security license. This is not a short term goal because it may take up to seven months or longer to acquire. This job would be great because I’ll be getting paid to keep the peace and protect innocent civilians. At the moment, I am employed by Barnes and Noble on the UCF campus. This is a good job but my short term career goal is to find a job that pays better than this job. A larger income would assist greatly with my living and educational expenses. In conclusion, all of my goals, either short term or long term, have an equal effect on my life. This paper has helped me put my goals in order. Before I wrote this essay, I had no clue about what I wanted to do in the future. Now, I have more of an idea of where I want to go in life and the small steps to get to the very much wanted long term goal: Happiness.

Teamwork And The Workplace Increasing Job Satisfaction

Teamwork is identified as one of the most important aspects in the workplace increasing job satisfaction (Korner, Wirtz, Bengel Gortiz, 2015). Since the 1980’s the number of organizations following team based structure has increased significantly (Larson Lafasto, 1989). At first, it was believed that teams with higher intelligence would perform greater than teams with lower intelligence (Belbin, 2012). However, successful teams need individuals to adhere to certain roles. Some individuals are better at certain roles than others; therefore assigning individuals to roles complementary to their skill level is key. In the United States, organizations focus largely on individual goals rather than team efforts. However, organizations more and more will require the collaboration of people to be successful (Larson Lafasto) Certain characteristics make a team successful which are a clear goal, a results driven structure, competent team members, unified commitment, a collaborative climate, standards of excellence, and external support and recognition (Larson Lafasto, 1989). However, individuals who lack the ability to work together effectively cannot achieve the team goals (Larson Lafasto, 1989). Though the potential to succeed as a team is present, the realization and understanding that the potential exists may be limited by some individuals. As motivation differs by individual, not everyone may contribute equally when working in a team. 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Obesity Is Weight That Is Higher - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1299 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/03/22 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Obesity Essay Obesity in America Essay Did you like this example? Obesity is weight that is higher than what is being consider health weight and that is given by the persons height. Too much weight can take a toll on your body and heart. We can take the proper steps to get healthier and beat obesity. BMI or Body Mass Index is a tool that establishes between health weight (a healthy BMI ranges from 17.5-25 kg/n2) and overweight/obesity and indicates body fatness; even though it doesnt measure body fat directly. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Obesity Is Weight That Is Higher" essay for you Create order The way that the BMI works is; a persons weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. I would like for the American people to look around and acknowledge that obesity really is an issue; that we should be conscious of what we are doing to our bodies and what we are consuming. Prevalence of obesity was ranging at 39.8 percent; affecting about 93.3 million of adults. 18.5 percent in youth in the United States in 2015-2016. The prevalence of obesity in 2015-2016 was 35.7 percent among young adults aged 20-39 years, while 42 percent among middle-aged adults ages ranging from 40-59 years, as well as, ages 60 and older with 41 percent. The prevalence of obesity among race and ethnicity was that non-Hispanic Asian adults was ranging at 12.7 percent lower than other groups, Hispanics were ranging at 47% and non-Hispanic black at 46.8 percent; which was at a higher prevalence of obesity compared to non-Hispanic white adults who ranged at 37.9 percent. The prevalence of obesity was higher among youth aged 6â€Å"11 years (18.4%) and adolescents aged 12â€Å"19 years (20.6%) compared with children aged 2â€Å"5 years (13.9%). The annual estimated costs for obesity in the U.S. was $147 billion in 2008 and the estimated cost for people who were obese was 1,429 higher than those of normal weight. In the article Ault Obesity Facts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website, stated that men and women that have college degrees have lower obesity prevalence compared to those who have had less education. The pattern was seen among non-Hispanic white and Hispanic men. With women the pattern was observed among non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Asian, and Hispanic. There was no difference in obesity prevalence because of income with non-Hispanic black women. There are no definite answers as to what is driving Americas chronic weight problem. In the article, Obesity in America, on publichealth.org states, Scientific studies reach conflicting conclusions which lead to many theories that are out there, but evidence points to the two causes most people already suspect; too much food and too little exercise. People are having bigger portions of food than compared to 1950 and 1983. World Health Organization states that Americans are notorious for their fast-food consumption, which makes up or about 11% of the average American diet. Fast food sales correlate to the rise in BMI. Added sugars from soda and energy drinks are wreaking havoc on American waistlines. We have to watch what we are eating and how much of it. Most food companies are just swapping hydrogenated oils and sugars in for the animal fats they removed from low-fat products. Hydrogenated oils carry high levels of trans-fats, which raises the bad cholesterol, lower the good cholesterol, of course, raise the risks of developing diabetes, heart disease and stroke. Having low calorie intake can result in high quantities of sugar disrupts the metabolism which then causes surges in insulin and energy level and ultimately contributes to weight gain and diabetes. Americans are spending more time at work than at home in our kitchens unlike people did in a different era. We sometimes pack our lunch boxes with the fastest thing we find like packaged food or a leftover. Not all low-fats and fat-free products are good because they can contain a lot of sugar and unhealthy ingredients such as low-fat sweetened cereals, low-fat flavored coffee drinks, low-fat dressing and so on. Its not just about how much we eat; its also about what we eat. About 20 billion dollars are spent annually on weight loss schemes such as diet books, pills, lap-bands and liposuction. The lack of exercise seems to be the new norm and is also a major culprit in the obesity epidemic. Workplace is cited as a new source for the rise of obesity because majority of the working people sit throughout the working day, people would be working in the fields or on factory floors which leads to less exercise. In 1960, the physical activity in the labor market was accounted for 50 percent and has plummeted to 20 percent, the other 80 percent of jobs are light activity. In 1960, one of two Americans held a job that was physically active and now its estimated that one out of five Americans achieves a relatively high level of physical activity at work. According to the published Wednesday in the journal PLos One, by Tara Paker-Pope, the shift translates to an average decline of 120 to 140 calories a day in a physical activity, closely matching the nations steady weight gain over the past five decades. It looks like not only is food a factor, but our work environment as well. Obe sity comes along with complications. By losing weight we can decrease the risks of heart disease, diabetes, cancer. Risk factors like high blood pressure, plasma glucose, breathing issues, gallbladder disease, gynecological problems such as infertility and sleep apnea. Other risks include erectile dysfunction and osteoarthritis. Losing the weight can help lower the total cholesterol, triglycerides, raise the good cholesterol, and prevent the complications. Our Metabolic system improves when people who are overweight loss about 10 percent of their body weight. Changing our diets, adding physical activity, medication, surgery are ways that can help America become healthier. Generics also are a contributing factor because it can affect the way and the amount of body fat that is stored in an individuals body. If it runs in the family, it is likely that the individual is in risk of increase for obesity. Not just genetically speaking, but because family members tend to share similar eating and activity habits. Medical issues are also a factor of obesity. Having arthritis, Prader-Willi Syndrome, Cushings syndrome, and among other conditions can lead to a decrease in physical activity. Which then leads to weight gain/obesity. We can be a role model for our children, if our children see that the parent have good eating habits and participate in physical activity, chances are that they will likely do the same. We can encourage physical activity, reduce time with electronics, to eat only when hungry and to eat slowly, avoiding using food as reward or punishment, having fresh fruit and vegetables, reducing beverages that contain sugar. Preventing obesity can be prevented by eating five to six servings of fruits and vegetables daily, choosing whole grain food, weight and measure food to gain understanding of portion sizing, balancing the food, avoid food that are high in energy density, and exercise. Keeping weight off is hard, we lose it and we gain it back but having a good support system can help. Non-rigorous exercise can help keep the weight down. Works Cited Hales CM, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: United States, 2015â€Å"2016. NCHS data brief, no 288. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2017. Ogden CL, Fakhouri TH, Carroll MD, et al. Prevalence of Obesity among Adults, by Household Income and Education † United States, 2011â€Å"2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017;66:1369â€Å"1373. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6650a1 PARKER-POPE, TARA. Workplace Cited as a New Source of Rise in Obesity. The New York Times, The New York Times, 26 May 2011, www.nytimes.com/2011/05/26/health/nutrition/26fat.html?pagewanted=all_r=2mtrref=undefined. Extreme Obesity, And What You Can Do. About Heart Attacks, www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/losing-weight/extreme-obesity-and-what-you-can-do. Obesity Causes. Stanford Health Care (SHC) Stanford Medical Center, stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/healthy-living/obesity/causes.html.